angiogenesis |
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. |
behavioral response to starvation |
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment. |
cellular glucose homeostasis |
A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. |
cellular response to amyloid-beta |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus. |
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
cellular response to glucose starvation |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. |
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
cellular response to hypoxia |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
cellular response to ionizing radiation |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. |
cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus. |
cellular response to starvation |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. |
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
cellular triglyceride homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. |
cholesterol homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell. |
chromatin organization |
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA. |
circadian regulation of gene expression |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
circadian rhythm |
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair |
Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. |
energy homeostasis |
Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure. |
fatty acid homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell. |
heterochromatin assembly |
An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation. |
histone deacetylation |
The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups. |
histone H3 deacetylation |
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups. |
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
leptin-mediated signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. |
macrophage differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. |
muscle organ development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. |
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. |
negative regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. |
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process |
Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. |
negative regulation of cell cycle |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
negative regulation of cell death |
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. |
negative regulation of cell growth |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus. |
negative regulation of cellular senescence |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
negative regulation of DNA binding |
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. |
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. |
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. |
negative regulation of gene expression |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
negative regulation of growth hormone secretion |
Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. |
negative regulation of helicase activity |
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase. |
negative regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone. |
negative regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation. |
negative regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation. |
negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator. |
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
negative regulation of neuron death |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation. |
negative regulation of phosphorylation |
Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. |
negative regulation of protein acetylation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation. |
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process. |
negative regulation of TOR signaling |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling. |
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
ovulation from ovarian follicle |
The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus. |
peptidyl-lysine acetylation |
The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine. |
peptidyl-lysine deacetylation |
The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein. |
positive regulation of adaptive immune response |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. |
positive regulation of adipose tissue development |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. |
positive regulation of angiogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. |
positive regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. |
positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. |
positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
positive regulation of cellular senescence |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process. |
positive regulation of DNA repair |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. |
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. |
positive regulation of gluconeogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. |
positive regulation of heart rate |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction. |
positive regulation of histone deacetylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones. |
positive regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3. |
positive regulation of histone methylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones. |
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. |
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose. |
positive regulation of macroautophagy |
Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. |
positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process. |
positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. |
positive regulation of neuron projection development |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
positive regulation of protein deacetylation |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic |
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. |
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
positive regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion. |
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
protein deacetylation |
The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic |
protein depropionylation |
The removal of a propionyl group from a residue in a peptide or protein. |
protein destabilization |
Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation. |
protein ubiquitination |
The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. |
pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair |
The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. |
rDNA heterochromatin assembly |
The formation of heterochromatin at ribosomal DNA, characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3. |
regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. |
regulation of brown fat cell differentiation |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. |
regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
regulation of centrosome duplication |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. |
regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. |
regulation of glucose metabolic process |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. |
regulation of lipid storage |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. |
regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. |
regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. |
regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. |
regulation of transcription by glucose |
Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription. |
response to ethanol |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
response to hydrogen peroxide |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
response to insulin |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
response to leptin |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism]. |
response to oxidative stress |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
single strand break repair |
The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair. |
spermatogenesis |
The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. |
stress-induced premature senescence |
A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays. |
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
triglyceride mobilization |
The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism. |
UV-damage excision repair |
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). |
vasodilation |
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. |
white fat cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole. |