| adipose tissue development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. |
| cellular response to gamma radiation |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| cellular senescence |
A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest. |
| defense response to protozoan |
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| endocytosis |
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. |
| ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission. |
| fibroblast proliferation |
The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population. |
| insulin receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. |
| insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). |
| myelination |
The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of gene expression |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| neuron apoptotic process |
Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. |
| oncogene-induced cell senescence |
A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family. |
| positive regulation of cell migration |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of DNA replication |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| positive regulation of gene expression |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| positive regulation of JNK cascade |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
| positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process. |
| positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. |
| positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| positive regulation of ruffle assembly |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| positive regulation of type II interferon production |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. |
| positive regulation of wound healing |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| Ras protein signal transduction |
The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| regulation of cell cycle |
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity |
A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. |
| regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane. |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| Schwann cell development |
The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. |
| small GTPase-mediated signal transduction |
The series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays a signal. |
| T cell receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| T-helper 1 type immune response |
An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin. |
