Q61301
EV
Gene name |
Ctnna2 (Catna2) |
Protein name |
Catenin alpha-2 |
Names |
Alpha N-catenin |
Species |
Mus musculus (Mouse) |
KEGG Pathway |
mmu:12386 |
EC number |
|
Protein Class |
|
Descriptions
αN-catenin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of synapses in the nervous system. It is part of the catenin family of proteins, which are known for their involvement in cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction. αN-catenin can regulate its own activity through an autoinhibitory mechanism. In the absence of the tension, αN-catenin is in an autoinhibited form, in which the cryptic vinculin-binding site 1 (VBS1) is masked by the following autoinhibitory region. Under tension conditions, applied forces unmask the cryptic VBS1 region for vinculin binding by an unknown mechanism. This involves the protein adopting a conformation that prevents it from interacting with other molecules, thus controlling its function in synaptic assembly and plasticity. The autoinhibition of αN-catenin is significant for the proper timing and localization of synapse formation. Disruption of this process can lead to neurological disorders.
Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)
Target domain |
325-360 (VBS1 region) |
Relief mechanism |
Others |
Assay |
Structural analysis |
Accessory elements
No accessory elements
References
- Hirano Y et al. (2018) "The force-sensing device region of α-catenin is an intrinsically disordered segment in the absence of intramolecular stabilization of the autoinhibitory form", Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms, 23, 370-385
- Ishiyama N et al. (2013) "An autoinhibited structure of α-catenin and its implications for vinculin recruitment to adherens junctions", The Journal of biological chemistry, 288, 15913-25
Autoinhibited structure
Activated structure
35 variants for Q61301
| Variant ID(s) | Position | Change | Description | Diseaes Association | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs3388836031 | 65 | E>G | No | EVA | |
| rs3388838842 | 90 | V>M | No | EVA | |
| rs3397008531 | 121 | G>V | No | EVA | |
| rs3388824249 | 130 | L>M | No | EVA | |
| rs3388837522 | 133 | A>D | No | EVA | |
| rs3388831936 | 145 | D>E | No | EVA | |
| rs3388832001 | 176 | F>Y | No | EVA | |
| rs3388843940 | 232 | D>N | No | EVA | |
| rs3388804554 | 232 | D>V | No | EVA | |
| rs3388838830 | 241 | D>E | No | EVA | |
| rs3388836021 | 254 | I>F | No | EVA | |
| rs3396521631 | 299 | F>I | No | EVA | |
| rs3388827521 | 373 | T>S | No | EVA | |
| rs3388841489 | 384 | V>E | No | EVA | |
| rs3388836066 | 394 | E>* | No | EVA | |
| rs3388843941 | 426 | N>K | No | EVA | |
| rs3388824241 | 430 | E>* | No | EVA | |
| rs3388838829 | 436 | C>S | No | EVA | |
| rs3396929929 | 497 | T>* | No | EVA | |
| rs3397006449 | 512 | V>GKGPVDAHLRQRGSHPQR* | No | EVA | |
| rs3388832337 | 546 | R>Q | No | EVA | |
| rs3388835818 | 604 | F>L | No | EVA | |
| rs3388820114 | 611 | D>N | No | EVA | |
| rs3388824192 | 622 | D>H | No | EVA | |
| rs3388815149 | 643 | E>K | No | EVA | |
| rs3396955839 | 730 | R>S | No | EVA | |
| rs3388834820 | 733 | G>V | No | EVA | |
| rs3388832389 | 735 | L>V | No | EVA | |
| rs3388843977 | 758 | L>I | No | EVA | |
| rs3388843993 | 842 | T>I | No | EVA | |
| rs3388831983 | 884 | Y>F | No | EVA | |
| rs3388820183 | 884 | Y>N | No | EVA | |
| rs3388824242 | 909 | K>N | No | EVA | |
| rs3388832340 | 913 | K>R | No | EVA | |
| rs3388836047 | 921 | K>R | No | EVA |
No associated diseases with Q61301
Functions
15 GO annotations of cellular component
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| actin cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. |
| adherens junction | A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex. The epithelial cadherins, or E-cadherins, of each interacting cell extend through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space and bind to each other. The E-cadherins bind to catenins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, where the E-cadherin-catenin complex binds to cytoskeletal components and regulatory and signaling molecules. |
| axon | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
| basolateral plasma membrane | The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. |
| catenin complex | Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton. |
| cytoplasm | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| extrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane | The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| extrinsic component of presynaptic membrane | The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse | One of the giant synapses that form between the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells and the large complex spines of CA3 pyramidal cells. It consists of a giant bouton known as the mossy fiber expansion, synapsed to the complex, multiheaded spine (thorny excresence) of a CA3 pyramidal cell. |
| lamellipodium | A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments. |
| nucleus | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse | An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells. |
| postsynaptic density | An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. |
| postsynaptic density, intracellular component | A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. |
| presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component | A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles. |
5 GO annotations of molecular function
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| actin filament binding | Binding to an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits. |
| beta-catenin binding | Binding to a catenin beta subunit. |
| cadherin binding | Binding to cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion. |
| identical protein binding | Binding to an identical protein or proteins. |
| structural molecule activity | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex. |
12 GO annotations of biological process
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| axonogenesis | De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. |
| brain morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| cell migration | The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. |
| cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| dendrite morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. |
| modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton | Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton. |
| negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins. |
| prepulse inhibition | The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse. |
| radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell | The migration of postmitotic a Purkinje cell along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer. |
| regulation of neuron migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. |
| regulation of neuron projection development | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| regulation of synapse structural plasticity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane. |
16 homologous proteins in AiPD
| UniProt AC | Gene Name | Protein Name | Species | Evidence Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q3MHM6 | CTNNA1 | Catenin alpha-1 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | SS |
| P12003 | VCL | Vinculin | Gallus gallus (Chicken) | EV |
| P30997 | CTNNA2 | Catenin alpha-2 | Gallus gallus (Chicken) | SS |
| P35220 | alpha-Cat | Catenin alpha | Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) | SS |
| P18206 | VCL | Vinculin | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| P35221 | CTNNA1 | Catenin alpha-1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
| Q9UI47 | CTNNA3 | Catenin alpha-3 | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| P26232 | CTNNA2 | Catenin alpha-2 | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| Q64727 | Vcl | Vinculin | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
| P26231 | Ctnna1 | Catenin alpha-1 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | EV |
| Q65CL1 | Ctnna3 | Catenin alpha-3 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | EV |
| P26234 | VCL | Vinculin | Sus scrofa (Pig) | SS |
| P85972 | Vcl | Vinculin | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | SS |
| P90947 | hmp-1 | Alpha-catenin-like protein hmp-1 | Caenorhabditis elegans | SS |
| A4IGI7 | ctnna2 | Catenin alpha-2 | Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis) | SS |
| B7ZC77 | Ctnna2 | Catenin alpha-2 | Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio) | SS |
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| MTSATSPIIL | KWDPKSLEIR | TLTVERLLEP | LVTQVTTLVN | TSNKGPSGKK | KGRSKKAHVL |
| 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
| AASVEQATQN | FLEKGEQIAK | ESQDLKEELV | AAVEDVRKQG | ETMRIASSEF | ADDPCSSVKR |
| 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 |
| GTMVRAARAL | LSAVTRLLIL | ADMADVMRLL | SHLKIVEEAL | EAVKNATNEQ | DLANRFKEFG |
| 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 |
| KEMVKLNYVA | ARRQQELKDP | HCRDEMAAAR | GALKKNATML | YTASQAFLRH | PDVAATRANR |
| 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 |
| DYVFKQVQEA | IAGISSAAQA | TSPTDEAKGH | TGIGELAAAL | NEFDNKIILD | PMTFSEARFR |
| 310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 |
| PSLEERLESI | ISGAALMADS | SCTRDDRRER | IVAECNAVRQ | ALQDLLSEYM | NNTGRKEKGD |
| 370 | 380 | 390 | 400 | 410 | 420 |
| PLNIAIDKMT | KKTRDLRRQL | RKAVMDHISD | SFLETNVPLL | VLIEAAKSGN | EKEVKEYAQV |
| 430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 |
| FREHANKLVE | VANLACSISN | NEEGVKLVRM | AATQIDSLCP | QVINAALTLA | ARPQSKVAQD |
| 490 | 500 | 510 | 520 | 530 | 540 |
| NMDVFKDQWE | KQVRVLTEAV | DDITSVDDFL | SVSENHILED | VNKCVIALQE | GDVDTLDRTA |
| 550 | 560 | 570 | 580 | 590 | 600 |
| GAIRGRAARV | IHIINAEMEN | YEAGVYTEKV | LEATKLLSET | VMPRFAEQVE | VAIEALSANV |
| 610 | 620 | 630 | 640 | 650 | 660 |
| PQPFEENEFI | DASRLVYDGV | RDIRKAVLMI | RTPEELEDDS | DFEQEDYDVR | SRTSVQTEDD |
| 670 | 680 | 690 | 700 | 710 | 720 |
| QLIAGQSARA | IMAQLPQEEK | AKIAEQVEIF | HQEKSKLDAE | VAKWDDSGND | IIVLAKQMCM |
| 730 | 740 | 750 | 760 | 770 | 780 |
| IMMEMTDFTR | GKGPLKNTSD | VINAAKKIAE | AGSRMDKLAR | AVADQCPDSA | CKQDLLAYLQ |
| 790 | 800 | 810 | 820 | 830 | 840 |
| RIALYCHQLN | ICSKVKAEVQ | NLGGELIVSG | TGVQSTFTTF | YEVDCDVIDG | GRASQLSTHL |
| 850 | 860 | 870 | 880 | 890 | 900 |
| PTCAEGAPIG | SGSSDSSMLD | SATSLIQAAK | NLMNAVVLTV | KASYVASTKY | QKVYGTAAVN |
| 910 | 920 | 930 | 940 | 950 | |
| SPVVSWKMKA | PEKKPLVKRE | KPEEFQTRVR | RGSQKKHISP | VQALSEFKAM | DSF |