| activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process |
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. |
| apoptotic process |
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis |
The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. |
| cell fate commitment |
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. |
| cellular response to interleukin-4 |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus. |
| cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus. |
| cellular senescence |
A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest. |
| circadian regulation of gene expression |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
| common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation |
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus. |
| DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest |
A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle. |
| endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod |
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night). |
| extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| fibroblast migration |
Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. |
| innate immune response |
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress |
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| maintenance of protein location in nucleus |
Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. |
| myeloid cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. |
| negative regulation of angiogenesis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. |
| negative regulation of cell growth |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 production |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. |
| negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of telomerase activity |
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. |
| negative regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. |
| oncogene-induced cell senescence |
A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family. |
| PML body organization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution. |
| positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of defense response to virus by host |
Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| positive regulation of histone deacetylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones. |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region. |
| positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator. |
| positive regulation of telomere maintenance |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. |
| proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| protein import into nucleus |
The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| protein stabilization |
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation. |
| protein targeting |
The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif. |
| protein-containing complex assembly |
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. |
| protein-containing complex localization |
A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol |
Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. |
| regulation of cell adhesion |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. |
| regulation of cell cycle |
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| regulation of circadian rhythm |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
| regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| regulation of double-strand break repair |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair. |
| response to cytokine |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| response to gamma radiation |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| response to hypoxia |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| response to UV |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. |
| retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| suppression of viral release by host |
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells. |
| transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
