Q28948
Gene name |
PRKAA2 (AMPK2) |
Protein name |
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 |
Names |
AMPK subunit alpha-2 , EC 2.7.11.1 , Acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase , ACACA kinase , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase , HMGCR kinase , EC 2.7.11.31 |
Species |
Sus scrofa (Pig) |
KEGG Pathway |
ssc:397504 |
EC number |
2.7.11.1: Protein-serine/threonine kinases |
Protein Class |
|

Descriptions
Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)
Target domain |
16-268 (Protein kinase domain) |
Relief mechanism |
Ligand binding |
Assay |
|
Accessory elements
156-178 (Activation loop from InterPro)
Target domain |
16-268 (Protein kinase domain) |
Relief mechanism |
|
Assay |
|
156-178 (Activation loop from InterPro)
Target domain |
16-268 (Protein kinase domain) |
Relief mechanism |
|
Assay |
|
References
- Yeon JH et al. (2016) "Systems-wide Identification of cis-Regulatory Elements in Proteins", Cell systems, 2, 89-100
- Chen L et al. (2009) "Structural insight into the autoinhibition mechanism of AMP-activated protein kinase", Nature, 459, 1146-9
- Mitchelhill KI et al. (1997) "Posttranslational modifications of the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta1 subunit", The Journal of biological chemistry, 272, 24475-9
- Crute BE et al. (1998) "Functional domains of the alpha1 catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase", The Journal of biological chemistry, 273, 35347-54
- Li YY et al. (2013) "Novel small-molecule AMPK activator orally exerts beneficial effects on diabetic db/db mice", Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 273, 325-34
- Pang T et al. (2007) "Conserved alpha-helix acts as autoinhibitory sequence in AMP-activated protein kinase alpha subunits", The Journal of biological chemistry, 282, 495-506
- Oakhill JS et al. (2009) "Structure and function of AMP-activated protein kinase", Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 196, 3-14
- Pang T et al. (2008) "Small molecule antagonizes autoinhibition and activates AMP-activated protein kinase in cells", The Journal of biological chemistry, 283, 16051-60
- Scott JW et al. (2014) "ATP sensitive bi-quinoline activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase", Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 443, 435-40
- Handa N et al. (2011) "Structural basis for compound C inhibition of the human AMP-activated protein kinase α2 subunit kinase domain", Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 67, 480-7
- Hardie DG et al. (2012) "AMP-activated protein kinase: a target for drugs both ancient and modern", Chemistry & biology, 19, 1222-36
- Littler DR et al. (2010) "A conserved mechanism of autoinhibition for the AMPK kinase domain: ATP-binding site and catalytic loop refolding as a means of regulation", Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications, 66, 143-51
Autoinhibited structure

Activated structure

1 structures for Q28948
Entry ID | Method | Resolution | Chain | Position | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AF-Q28948-F1 | Predicted | AlphaFoldDB |
6 variants for Q28948
Variant ID(s) | Position | Change | Description | Diseaes Association | Provenance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs692892682 | 98 | G>C | No | EVA | |
rs698302408 | 159 | G>A | No | EVA | |
rs702548505 | 191 | A>S | No | EVA | |
rs694855349 | 288 | I>T | No | EVA | |
rs702000046 | 348 | T>A | No | EVA | |
rs788475649 | 528 | V>F | No | EVA |
1 associated diseases with Q28948
[MIM: 617364]: Congenital heart defects and ectodermal dysplasia (CHDED)
An autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by atrial and/or ventricular septal congenital heart defects and variable features of ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dry skin, thin skin, fragile nails, premature loss of primary teeth, and small widely spaced teeth. Patients manifest developmental disabilities ranging from motor delay and delayed speech to global developmental retardation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27479907}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Without disease ID
- An autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by atrial and/or ventricular septal congenital heart defects and variable features of ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dry skin, thin skin, fragile nails, premature loss of primary teeth, and small widely spaced teeth. Patients manifest developmental disabilities ranging from motor delay and delayed speech to global developmental retardation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27479907}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
9 regional properties for Q28948
Type | Name | Position | InterPro Accession |
---|---|---|---|
domain | Pleckstrin homology domain | 422 - 543 | IPR001849 |
domain | Protein kinase C-like, phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domain | 140 - 197 | IPR002219-1 |
domain | Protein kinase C-like, phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domain | 270 - 320 | IPR002219-2 |
active_site | Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site | 702 - 714 | IPR008271 |
binding_site | Protein kinase, ATP binding site | 589 - 612 | IPR017441 |
domain | Diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester binding | 268 - 282 | IPR020454-1 |
domain | Diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester binding | 284 - 293 | IPR020454-2 |
domain | Diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester binding | 297 - 308 | IPR020454-3 |
domain | Diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester binding | 309 - 321 | IPR020454-4 |
Functions
Description | ||
---|---|---|
EC Number | 2.7.11.1 | Protein-serine/threonine kinases |
Subcellular Localization |
|
|
PANTHER Family | ||
PANTHER Subfamily | ||
PANTHER Protein Class | ||
PANTHER Pathway Category | No pathway information available |
9 GO annotations of cellular component
Name | Definition |
---|---|
axon | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
cytoplasm | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
cytoplasmic stress granule | A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress. |
dendrite | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
Golgi apparatus | A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. |
neuronal cell body | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
nuclear speck | A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. |
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex | A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae). |
nucleus | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
8 GO annotations of molecular function
Name | Definition |
---|---|
AMP-activated protein kinase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
ATP binding | Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
chromatin binding | Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
histone H2BS36 kinase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
metal ion binding | Binding to a metal ion. |
protein serine kinase activity | Catalysis of the reactions |
protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Catalysis of the reactions |
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity | Catalysis of the reactions |
29 GO annotations of biological process
Name | Definition |
---|---|
autophagy | The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. |
cellular response to calcium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. |
cellular response to glucose starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. |
cellular response to glucose stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
cellular response to oxidative stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. |
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. |
cholesterol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
fatty acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. |
glucose homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. |
intracellular signal transduction | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
lipid droplet disassembly | The disaggregation of a lipid particle into its constituent components. |
negative regulation of gene expression | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. |
negative regulation of TOR signaling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling. |
negative regulation of TORC1 signaling | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling. |
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. |
positive regulation of autophagy | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation. |
positive regulation of protein localization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. |
protein localization to lipid droplet | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid droplet. |
protein phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
regulation of circadian rhythm | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
regulation of macroautophagy | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. |
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. |
regulation of stress granule assembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of stress granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule. |
response to muscle activity | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. |
rhythmic process | Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. |
Wnt signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state. |
66 homologous proteins in AiPD
UniProt AC | Gene Name | Protein Name | Species | Evidence Code |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q02066 | Abscisic acid-inducible protein kinase | Triticum aestivum (Wheat) | PR | |
P06782 | SNF1 | Carbon catabolite-derepressing protein kinase | Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast) | EV |
Q5GLH2 | TRIB2 | Tribbles homolog 2 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | SS |
Q0VCE3 | TRIB3 | Tribbles homolog 3 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | SS |
Q3SZW1 | TSSK1B | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | PR |
Q92519 | TRIB2 | Tribbles homolog 2 | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
Q96RU7 | TRIB3 | Tribbles homolog 3 | Homo sapiens (Human) | PR |
Q14680 | MELK | Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
Q96RU8 | TRIB1 | Tribbles homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
Q15831 | STK11 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 | Homo sapiens (Human) | PR |
Q13131 | PRKAA1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
Q96RG2 | PASK | PAS domain-containing serine/threonine-protein kinase | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
Q9BXA7 | TSSK1B | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | PR |
P54646 | PRKAA2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
Q8K4K3 | Trib2 | Tribbles homolog 2 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
Q61241 | Tssk1b | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | PR |
Q8K4K2 | Trib3 | Tribbles homolog 3 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
Q61846 | Melk | Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase | Mus musculus (Mouse) | PR |
O54863 | Tssk2 | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | PR |
Q5EG47 | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
Q8K4K4 | Trib1 | Tribbles homolog 1 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
Q8BRK8 | Prkaa2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
Q09136 | PRKAA1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 | Sus scrofa (Pig) | SS |
Q9WTQ6 | Trib3 | Tribbles homolog 3 | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | SS |
P54645 | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | EV |
Q09137 | Prkaa2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | EV |
Q5QNM6 | CIPK13 | Putative CBL-interacting protein kinase 13 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q5JLQ9 | CIPK30 | CBL-interacting protein kinase 30 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q5N942 | SAPK4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK4 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q75LR7 | SAPK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK1 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q75H77 | SAPK10 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK10 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q7Y0B9 | SAPK8 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK8 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q7XQP4 | SAPK7 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK7 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q0D4J7 | SAPK2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK2 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q6ERS4 | CIPK16 | CBL-interacting protein kinase 16 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
P0C5D6 | SAPK3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK3 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q75V57 | SAPK9 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK9 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q852Q1 | OSK4 | Serine/threonine protein kinase OSK4 | Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) | SS |
Q852Q2 | OSK1 | Serine/threonine protein kinase OSK1 | Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) | SS |
Q8LIG4 | CIPK3 | CBL-interacting protein kinase 3 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q6ZLP5 | CIPK23 | CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q852Q0 | OSK3 | Serine/threonine protein kinase OSK3 | Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) | SS |
Q2RAX3 | CIPK33 | CBL-interacting protein kinase 33 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q2QY53 | CIPK32 | CBL-interacting protein kinase 32 | Oryza sativa subsp japonica (Rice) | PR |
Q21017 | kin-29 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase kin-29 | Caenorhabditis elegans | SS |
P45894 | aak-1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 | Caenorhabditis elegans | SS |
Q95ZQ4 | aak-2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 | Caenorhabditis elegans | SS |
P43291 | SRK2A | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2A | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q9C958 | SRK2B | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2B | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q9M9E9 | SRK2C | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2C | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
O64812 | SRK2J | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2J | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q2V452 | CIPK3 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | SS |
O22971 | CIPK13 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 13 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q39192 | SRK2D | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2D | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
O65554 | CIPK6 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 6 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q940H6 | SRK2E | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2E | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
P43292 | SRK2G | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2G | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q9FJ54 | CIPK20 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 20 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q9FFP9 | SRK2H | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2H | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q39193 | SRK2I | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2I | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q93VD3 | CIPK23 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 23 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q94CG0 | CIPK21 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 21 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q9FLZ3 | KIN12 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN12 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | SS |
Q9LDI3 | CIPK24 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
P92958 | KIN11 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN11 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
Q38997 | KIN10 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN10 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | SS |
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
MAEKQKHDGR | VKIGHYVLGD | TLGVGTFGKV | KIGEHQLTGH | KVAVKILNRQ | KIRSLDVVGK |
70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
IKREIQNLKL | FRHPHIIKLY | QVISTPTDFF | MVMEYVSGGE | LFDYICKHGR | VEEMEARRLF |
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 |
QQILSAVDYC | HRHMVVHRDL | KPENVLLDAQ | MNAKIADFGL | SNMMSDGEFL | RTSCGSPNYA |
190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 |
APEVISGRLY | AGPEVDIWSC | GVILYALLCG | TLPFDDEHVP | TLFKKIRGGV | FYIPEYLNRS |
250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 |
VATLLMHMLQ | VDPLKRATIK | DIREHEWFKQ | DLPSYLFPED | PSYDANVIDD | EAVKEVCEKF |
310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 |
ECTESEVMNS | LYSGDPQDQL | AVAYHLVIDN | RRIMNQASEF | YLASSPPTGS | FMDDSAMHIP |
370 | 380 | 390 | 400 | 410 | 420 |
PGLKPHPERM | PPLIADSPKA | RCPLDALNTT | KPKSLAVKKA | KWHLGIRSQS | KPYDIMAEVY |
430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 |
RAMKQLDFEW | KVVNAYHLRV | RRKNPVTGNY | VKMSLQLYLV | DNRSYLLDFK | SIDDEVLEQR |
490 | 500 | 510 | 520 | 530 | 540 |
SGSSTPQRSC | SAAGLHRPRS | SLDSVTAESH | SLSGSLSGSL | TGSMLPSVPP | RLGSHTMDFF |
550 | |||||
EMCASLITTL | AR |