Descriptions

Small GTPases couple their GDP/GTP structural cycle to cytosol/membrane alternation to function as versatile molecular switches in the cell. Membrane localization of their active, GTP-bound form is pivotal to their ability to propagate information, and this requires their post-translational modification by lipids.<br>Arf GTPases are modified by a myristate attached to their N-terminus, which is shielded by intramolecular interactions in their inactive state. The myristoylated N-terminus of Arf is autoinhibitory in solution and is displaced by membranes, priming Arf GTPases for activation by their GEFs. Replacement of the N-terminal myristate by a 6xHis-tag preserves autoinhibition, representing that membranes unlock the N-terminal region to facilitate subsequent activation.

Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)

Target domain

16-138 (Small GTP-binding protein domain)

Relief mechanism

Ligand binding

Assay

Accessory elements

No accessory elements

Autoinhibited structure

Activated structure

1 structures for Q10943

Entry ID Method Resolution Chain Position Source
AF-Q10943-F1 Predicted AlphaFoldDB

No variants for Q10943

Variant ID(s) Position Change Description Diseaes Association Provenance
No variants for Q10943

No associated diseases with Q10943

5 regional properties for Q10943

Type Name Position InterPro Accession
domain BTB/POZ domain 435 - 574 IPR000210-1
domain BTB/POZ domain 665 - 768 IPR000210-2
repeat Kelch repeat type 1 79 - 128 IPR006652-1
repeat Kelch repeat type 1 129 - 185 IPR006652-2
repeat Kelch repeat type 1 227 - 339 IPR006652-3

Functions

Description
EC Number 3.6.5.2 Acting on GTP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement
Subcellular Localization
  • Golgi apparatus membrane ; Lipid-anchor ; Cytoplasmic side
  • In the GDP-bound form, associates transiently with the membranes via its myristoylated N-terminus where guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF)-mediated nucleotide exchange occurs (By similarity)
  • Following nucleotide exchange, the GTP-bound form undergoes a conformational change, leading to the exposure of a myristoylated N-terminal amphipathic helix that provides stable membrane anchorage (By similarity)
PANTHER Family
PANTHER Subfamily
PANTHER Protein Class
PANTHER Pathway Category No pathway information available

3 GO annotations of cellular component

Name Definition
endoplasmic reticulum The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
Golgi membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

2 GO annotations of molecular function

Name Definition
GTP binding Binding to GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
GTPase activity Catalysis of the reaction

8 GO annotations of biological process

Name Definition
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.
gamete generation The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
intracellular protein transport The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
oocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
vesicle-mediated transport A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.

47 homologous proteins in AiPD

UniProt AC Gene Name Protein Name Species Evidence Code
Q2KJ96 ARL5A ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5A Bos taurus (Bovine) SS
Q3SZF2 ARF4 ADP-ribosylation factor 4 Bos taurus (Bovine) SS
Q0VC18 ARL4D ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D Bos taurus (Bovine) PR
P84080 ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Bos taurus (Bovine) SS
P84081 ARF2 ADP-ribosylation factor 2 Bos taurus (Bovine) SS
Q5E9I6 ARF3 ADP-ribosylation factor 3 Bos taurus (Bovine) SS
P49702 ARF5 ADP-ribosylation factor 5 Gallus gallus (Chicken) SS
P40945 Arf4 ADP ribosylation factor 4 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) SS
P61209 Arf1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) SS
P84085 ARF5 ADP-ribosylation factor 5 Homo sapiens (Human) EV
A6NH57 ARL5C Putative ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5C Homo sapiens (Human) SS
Q969Q4 ARL11 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 11 Homo sapiens (Human) PR
Q9Y689 ARL5A ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5A Homo sapiens (Human) SS
P18085 ARF4 ADP-ribosylation factor 4 Homo sapiens (Human) EV
P49703 ARL4D ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D Homo sapiens (Human) PR
Q8N4G2 ARL14 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 14 Homo sapiens (Human) SS
Q9H0F7 ARL6 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6 Homo sapiens (Human) SS
Q96KC2 ARL5B ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5B Homo sapiens (Human) SS
Q8IVW1 ARL17A ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 17 Homo sapiens (Human) SS
P84077 ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Homo sapiens (Human) EV
P61204 ARF3 ADP-ribosylation factor 3 Homo sapiens (Human) EV
P49076 ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor Zea mays (Maize) SS
P84084 Arf5 ADP-ribosylation factor 5 Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
P61750 Arf4 ADP-ribosylation factor 4 Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
Q99PE9 Arl4d ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D Mus musculus (Mouse) PR
Q6P068 Arl5c ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5C Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
Q80ZU0 Arl5a ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5A Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
Q9D4P0 Arl5b ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5B Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
P61205 Arf3 ADP-ribosylation factor 3 Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
P84078 Arf1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
Q8BSL7 Arf2 ADP-ribosylation factor 2 Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
P51824 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Solanum tuberosum (Potato) SS
P51646 Arl5a ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5A Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P84083 Arf5 ADP-ribosylation factor 5 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P36407 Trim23 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM23 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P61751 Arf4 ADP-ribosylation factor 4 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P61206 Arf3 ADP-ribosylation factor 3 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P84079 Arf1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P84082 Arf2 ADP-ribosylation factor 2 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P51823 ARF ADP-ribosylation factor 2 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) SS
Q06396 Os01g0813400 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) SS
P34212 arl-5 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 5 Caenorhabditis elegans SS
P40940 ARF3 ADP-ribosylation factor 3 Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) SS
P0DH91 ARF2-B ADP-ribosylation factor 2-B Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) SS
P36397 ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) SS
Q9LQC8 ARF2-A ADP-ribosylation factor 2-A Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) SS
Q5M9P8 arl6 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6 Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio) SS
10 20 30 40 50 60
MGNVFGSLFK GLFGKREMRI LMVGLDAAGK TTILYKLKLG EIVTTIPTIG FNVETVEYKN
70 80 90 100 110 120
ISFTVWDVGG QDKIRPLWRH YFQNTQGLIF VVDSNDRERV GEAREELMRM LAEDELRDAV
130 140 150 160 170 180
LLVFANKQDL PQAMNAAEVT DKLGLHSLRN RSWYIQATCA TSGDGLYEGL DWLSNQLKNR
S