| animal organ regeneration |
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ. |
| aortic valve morphogenesis |
The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. |
| apoptotic process |
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis |
Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis. |
| arterial endothelial cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries. |
| astrocyte differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. |
| atrioventricular node development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system. |
| atrioventricular valve morphogenesis |
The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized. |
| auditory receptor cell fate commitment |
The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined. |
| axonogenesis |
De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. |
| branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube |
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. |
| calcium-ion regulated exocytosis |
The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels. |
| cardiac atrium morphogenesis |
The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. |
| cardiac chamber formation |
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. |
| cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis |
The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. |
| cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. |
| cardiac muscle cell proliferation |
The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division. |
| cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. |
| cardiac right atrium morphogenesis |
The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized. |
| cardiac right ventricle formation |
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. |
| cardiac septum morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart. |
| cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. |
| cardiac ventricle morphogenesis |
The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. |
| cell differentiation |
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
| cell differentiation in spinal cord |
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation |
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| cell population proliferation |
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus. |
| cellular response to hypoxia |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| cellular response to tumor cell |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell. |
| cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus. |
| cilium assembly |
The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. |
| collecting duct development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. |
| compartment pattern specification |
The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation. |
| coronary artery morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle. |
| coronary sinus valve morphogenesis |
The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized. |
| coronary vein morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized. |
| determination of left/right symmetry |
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. |
| distal tubule development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule. |
| embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis |
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. |
| embryonic limb morphogenesis |
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. |
| endocardial cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. |
| endocardial cushion development |
The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| endocardial cushion morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| endocardium development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. |
| endocardium morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. |
| endoderm development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. |
| epidermal cell fate specification |
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| epidermis development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| epithelial cell fate commitment |
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell. |
| epithelial cell proliferation |
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. |
| epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation |
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion. |
| forebrain development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). |
| foregut morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. |
| gene expression |
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. |
| glial cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. |
| glomerular mesangial cell development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| growth involved in heart morphogenesis |
Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart. |
| hair follicle morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. |
| heart development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| heart looping |
The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. |
| heart trabecula morphogenesis |
The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. |
| homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue |
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. |
| humoral immune response |
An immune response mediated through a body fluid. |
| in utero embryonic development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus |
An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. |
| inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation |
Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. |
| interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| keratinocyte differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. |
| left/right axis specification |
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes). |
| liver development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. |
| lung development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| luteolysis |
The lysis or structural demise of the corpus luteum. During normal luteolysis, two closely related events occur. First, there is loss of the capacity to synthesize and secrete progesterone (functional luteolysis) followed by loss of the cells that comprise the corpus luteum (structural luteolysis). Preventing luteolysis is crucial to maintain pregnancy. |
| mesenchymal cell development |
The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| mitral valve formation |
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| negative regulation of anoikis |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis. |
| negative regulation of biomineral tissue development |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds. |
| negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis. |
| negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. |
| negative regulation of catalytic activity |
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. |
| negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. |
| negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. |
| negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin. |
| negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cold-induced thermogenesis. |
| negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. |
| negative regulation of gene expression |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| negative regulation of glial cell proliferation |
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of myoblast differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| negative regulation of myotube differentiation |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| negative regulation of neurogenesis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| negative regulation of neuron differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. |
| negative regulation of ossification |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
| negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of programmed cell death |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. |
| negative regulation of stem cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| neural tube development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. |
| neuroendocrine cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance. |
| neuron differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. |
| neuron fate commitment |
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. |
| neuronal stem cell population maintenance |
Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells. |
| Notch signaling involved in heart development |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time. |
| Notch signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| oligodendrocyte differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. |
| outflow tract morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. |
| pericardium morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of cell migration |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| positive regulation of gene expression |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| positive regulation of glial cell differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. |
| positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target |
The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain. |
| positive regulation of viral genome replication |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| positive regulation of viral transcription |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription. |
| prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. |
| protein catabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| protein import into nucleus |
The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| pulmonary valve morphogenesis |
The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized. |
| regulation of cardioblast proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis |
Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart. |
| regulation of cell migration |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. |
| regulation of extracellular matrix assembly |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. |
| regulation of gene expression |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. |
| regulation of neurogenesis |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. |
| regulation of Notch signaling pathway |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. |
| regulation of somitogenesis |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis. |
| regulation of stem cell proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| response to lipopolysaccharide |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| response to muramyl dipeptide |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. |
| retinal cone cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell. |
| secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate. |
| skeletal muscle cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. |
| somatic stem cell division |
The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. |
| spermatogenesis |
The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. |
| sprouting angiogenesis |
The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation. |
| T-helper 17 type immune response |
An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22. |
| tissue regeneration |
The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. |
| transcription by RNA polymerase II |
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). |
| tube formation |
Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. |
| vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis |
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. |
| venous blood vessel morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart. |
| venous endothelial cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins. |
| ventricular septum morphogenesis |
The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. |
| ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. |
