P52304
SS
Gene name |
polo (CG12306) |
Protein name |
Serine/threonine-protein kinase polo |
Names |
EC 2.7.11.21 |
Species |
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) |
KEGG Pathway |
dme:Dmel_CG12306 |
EC number |
2.7.11.21: Protein-serine/threonine kinases |
Protein Class |
|
Descriptions
Polo-like kinase Plk1 acts at various stages in the cell cycle, specifically mitosis and cytokinesis. The kinase activity is regulated by a conserved C-terminal domain, termed the polo box domain (PBD). PBD is composed of the two polo boxes and an N-terminal extension, and each polo box contains a continuous six-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and an α-helix. The C-terminal region containing a polo-box domain is involved in autoinhibition via intramolecular interaction with the kinase domain in PLK1.
Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)
Target domain |
25-277 (Protein kinase domain) |
Relief mechanism |
PTM |
Assay |
|
Accessory elements
165-188 (Activation loop from InterPro)
Target domain |
25-277 (Protein kinase domain) |
Relief mechanism |
|
Assay |
|
References
- Cheng KY et al. (2003) "The crystal structure of the human polo-like kinase-1 polo box domain and its phospho-peptide complex", The EMBO journal, 22, 5757-68
- Zhu K et al. (2016) "Phospho-Pon Binding-Mediated Fine-Tuning of Plk1 Activity", Structure (London, England : 1993), 24, 1110-9
- Jang YJ et al. (2002) "Functional studies on the role of the C-terminal domain of mammalian polo-like kinase", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 1984-9
Autoinhibited structure
Activated structure
1 structures for P52304
| Entry ID | Method | Resolution | Chain | Position | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF-P52304-F1 | Predicted | AlphaFoldDB |
No variants for P52304
| Variant ID(s) | Position | Change | Description | Diseaes Association | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No variants for P52304 | |||||
No associated diseases with P52304
6 regional properties for P52304
| Type | Name | Position | InterPro Accession |
|---|---|---|---|
| domain | Protein kinase domain | 25 - 277 | IPR000719 |
| domain | POLO box domain | 391 - 469 | IPR000959-1 |
| domain | POLO box domain | 491 - 572 | IPR000959-2 |
| active_site | Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site | 144 - 156 | IPR008271 |
| domain | Second polo-box domain | 490 - 570 | IPR033695 |
| domain | First polo-box domain | 388 - 475 | IPR033701 |
Functions
| Description | ||
|---|---|---|
| EC Number | 2.7.11.21 | Protein-serine/threonine kinases |
| Subcellular Localization |
|
|
| PANTHER Family | ||
| PANTHER Subfamily | ||
| PANTHER Protein Class | ||
| PANTHER Pathway Category | No pathway information available | |
14 GO annotations of cellular component
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| centriole | A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle. |
| centrosome | A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. |
| cytoplasm | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| cytosol | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| kinetochore | A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. |
| kinetochore microtubule | Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation. |
| microtubule | Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. |
| midbody | A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis. |
| mitotic spindle midzone | The area in the center of the anaphase spindle consisting of microtubules, microtubule bundling factors and kinesin motors where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap in an antiparallel manner. |
| nuclear envelope | The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). |
| nucleus | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| outer kinetochore | The region of a kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions. |
| spindle | The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. |
| spindle pole | Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules. |
4 GO annotations of molecular function
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP binding | Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| protein kinase activity | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction |
| protein serine kinase activity | Catalysis of the reactions |
| protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Catalysis of the reactions |
22 GO annotations of biological process
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| actomyosin contractile ring assembly | The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis. |
| astral microtubule nucleation | The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. |
| attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression. |
| centrosome cycle | The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle. |
| embryonic heart tube development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. |
| female meiosis II | The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. |
| female meiotic nuclear division | A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. |
| larval somatic muscle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| male germline ring canal formation | Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst. |
| male meiosis cytokinesis | A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells. |
| male meiotic nuclear division | A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. |
| meiotic spindle midzone assembly | The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, as a part of the process of meiosis. |
| mitotic cell cycle | Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. |
| mitotic spindle organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. |
| oocyte fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte. |
| pronuclear fusion | The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome. |
| pronuclear migration | The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion. |
| protein localization | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| protein phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| sperm aster formation | Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei. |
| spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
9 homologous proteins in AiPD
| UniProt AC | Gene Name | Protein Name | Species | Evidence Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q2TA25 | PLK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | SS |
| O97143 | SAK | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 | Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) | EV |
| P53350 | PLK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
| Q07832 | Plk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | EV |
| Q62673 | Plk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | SS |
| Q20845 | plk-3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase plk-3 | Caenorhabditis elegans | PR |
| Q9N2L7 | plk-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase plk-2 | Caenorhabditis elegans | SS |
| P34331 | plk-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase plk-1 | Caenorhabditis elegans | SS |
| P62205 | plk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis) | SS |
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| MAAKPEDKST | DIPDRLVDIN | QRKTYKRMRF | FGKGGFAKCY | EIIDVETDDV | FAGKIVSKKL |
| 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
| MIKHNQKEKT | AQEITIHRSL | NHPNIVKFHN | YFEDSQNIYI | VLELCKKRSM | MELHKRRKSI |
| 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 |
| TEFECRYYIY | QIIQGVKYLH | DNRIIHRDLK | LGNLFLNDLL | HVKIGDFGLA | TRIEYEGERK |
| 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 |
| KTLCGTPNYI | APEILTKKGH | SFEVDIWSIG | CVMYTLLVGQ | PPFETKTLKD | TYSKIKKCEY |
| 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 |
| RVPSYLRKPA | ADMVIAMLQP | NPESRPAIGQ | LLNFEFLKGS | KVPMFLPSSC | LTMAPRIGSN |
| 310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 |
| DTIEDSMHRK | PLMEMNGIRP | DDTRLESTFL | KANLHDAITA | SAQVCRHSED | YRSDIESLYQ |
| 370 | 380 | 390 | 400 | 410 | 420 |
| QLTNLINGKP | RILQGNLGDE | NTDPAAQPLF | WISKWVDYSD | KYGFGYQLCD | EGIGVMFNDT |
| 430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 |
| TKLILLPNQI | NVHFIDKDGK | ETYMTTTDYC | KSLDKKMKLL | SYFKRYMIEH | LVKAGANNVN |
| 490 | 500 | 510 | 520 | 530 | 540 |
| IESDQISRMP | HLHSWFRTTC | AVVMHLTNGS | VQLNFSDHMK | LILCPRMSAI | TYMDQEKNFR |
| 550 | 560 | 570 | |||
| TYRFSTIVEN | GVSKDLYQKI | RYAQEKLRKM | LEKMFT |