P47197

SS
Gene name
Akt2
Protein name
RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase
Names
EC 2.7.11.1 , Protein kinase Akt-2 , Protein kinase B beta , PKB beta , RAC-PK-beta
Species
Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
KEGG Pathway
rno:25233
EC number
2.7.11.1: Protein-serine/threonine kinases
Protein Class

Descriptions

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to a group of proteins called the AGC superfamily. It is involved in various biological responses through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal transduction pathway. Akt2, in particular, is regulated by different regions of the protein.<br>The N-terminal PH domain of Akt2 plays a regulatory role in its activation. Phosphorylation of Ser474 in the C-terminal regulatory domain is also necessary for full activation of Akt2. These modifications help activate the kinase and enable it to carry out its functions.<br>The linker region between the N-lobe and C-lobe of Akt2 occupies the ATP binding site. Additionally, the activation loop within Akt2 aids in autoinhibition by blocking the binding of peptide substrates, while still allowing access to the ATP binding site.

Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)

146-440 (Linker region between N- and C-lobes) SS

Target domain

143-481 (Kinase domain)

Relief mechanism

PTM

Assay

7-106 (PH domain) SS

Target domain

152-409 (Protein kinase domain)

Relief mechanism

Ligand binding, PTM

Assay

Accessory elements

292-315 (Activation loop from InterPro)

Target domain

152-478 (Protein kinase domain)

Relief mechanism

Assay

References

Autoinhibited structure

Activated structure

1 structures for P47197

Entry ID Method Resolution Chain Position Source
AF-P47197-F1 Predicted AlphaFoldDB

No variants for P47197

Variant ID(s) Position Change Description Diseaes Association Provenance
No variants for P47197

No associated diseases with P47197

6 regional properties for P47197

Type Name Position InterPro Accession
domain Tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase, PTPase domain 243 - 517 IPR000242
domain Tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases domain 430 - 506 IPR000387
domain SH2 domain 2 - 100 IPR000980-1
domain SH2 domain 108 - 213 IPR000980-2
domain Protein-tyrosine phosphatase, catalytic 408 - 514 IPR003595
active_site Protein-tyrosine phosphatase, active site 451 - 461 IPR016130

Functions

Description
EC Number 2.7.11.1 Protein-serine/threonine kinases
Subcellular Localization
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein
  • Early endosome
  • Through binding of the N-terminal PH domain to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) or phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2), recruited to the plasma membrane
  • Cell membrane recruitment is facilitated by interaction with CLIP3
  • Colocalizes with WDFY2 in early endosomes (By similarity)
  • Localizes within both nucleus and cytoplasm in proliferative primary myoblasts and mostly within the nucleus of differentiated primary myoblasts (By similarity)
PANTHER Family
PANTHER Subfamily
PANTHER Protein Class
PANTHER Pathway Category No pathway information available

10 GO annotations of cellular component

Name Definition
cell cortex The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
cytosol The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
early endosome A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
insulin-responsive compartment A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2.
nucleoplasm That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
ruffle membrane The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
sarcoplasmic reticulum A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.

7 GO annotations of molecular function

Name Definition
ATP binding Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
metal ion binding Binding to a metal ion.
molecular function activator activity A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.
protein kinase activity Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction
protein kinase C binding Binding to protein kinase C.
protein serine kinase activity Catalysis of the reactions
protein serine/threonine kinase activity Catalysis of the reactions

38 GO annotations of biological process

Name Definition
cellular response to high light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
cellular response to hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
cellular response to insulin stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
cellular response to organic cyclic compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
glucose metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
glycogen biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
insulin receptor signaling pathway The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
intracellular signal transduction The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
negative regulation of apoptotic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of RNA splicing Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
organic substance transport The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon.
peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
positive regulation of cell migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
positive regulation of cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
positive regulation of gene expression Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).
positive regulation of glucose import Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of glucose metabolic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
positive regulation of signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of sodium ion transport Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
protein localization to nucleus A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.
protein localization to plasma membrane A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
regulation of translation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
response to insulin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
response to muscle activity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.
response to nutrient levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
retinal rod cell apoptotic process Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.

23 homologous proteins in AiPD

UniProt AC Gene Name Protein Name Species Evidence Code
Q01314 AKT1 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Bos taurus (Bovine) SS
Q8INB9 Akt RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) SS
Q9Y243 AKT3 RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase Homo sapiens (Human) SS
P31749 AKT1 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Homo sapiens (Human) EV
P31751 AKT2 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase Homo sapiens (Human) EV SS
P31750 Akt1 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Mus musculus (Mouse) PR
Q9WUA6 Akt3 RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase Mus musculus (Mouse) PR
Q60823 Akt2 RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase Mus musculus (Mouse) PR
O55173 Pdpk1 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P09217 Prkcz Protein kinase C zeta type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
F1M7Y5 Prkci Protein kinase C iota type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
Q63433 Pkn1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase N1 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
Q64617 Prkch Protein kinase C eta type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) PR
P09215 Prkcd Protein kinase C delta type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) PR
P63319 Prkcg Protein kinase C gamma type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P47196 Akt1 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Rattus norvegicus (Rat) PR
Q63484 Akt3 RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase Rattus norvegicus (Rat) PR
O08874 Pkn2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P09216 Prkce Protein kinase C epsilon type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) PR
P05696 Prkca Protein kinase C alpha type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P68403 Prkcb Protein kinase C beta type Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
Q9XTG7 akt-2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-2 Caenorhabditis elegans SS
Q17941 akt-1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1 Caenorhabditis elegans PR
10 20 30 40 50 60
MNEVSVIKEG WLHKRGEYIK TWRPRYFLLK SDGSFIGYKE RPEAPDQTLP PLNNFSVAEC
70 80 90 100 110 120
QLMKTERPRP NTFVIRCLQW TTVIERTFHV DSPDEREEWI RAIQMVANSL KQRGPGEDAM
130 140 150 160 170 180
DYKCGSPSDS STSEMMEVAV SKARAKVTMN DFDYLKLLGK GTFGKVILVR EKATGRYYAM
190 200 210 220 230 240
KILRKEVIIA KDEVAHTVTE SRVLQNTRHP FLTALKYAFQ THDRLCFVME YANGGDLFFH
250 260 270 280 290 300
LSRERVFTED RARFYGAEIV SALEYLHSTD VVYRDIKLEN LMLDKDGHIK ITDFGLSKEG
310 320 330 340 350 360
ISDGATMKTF CGTPEYLAPE VLEDNDYGRA VDWWGLGVVM YEMMCGRLPF YNQDHERLFE
370 380 390 400 410 420
LILMEEIRFP RTLGPEAKSL LAGLLKKDPK QRLGGGPSDA KEVMEHRFFL SINWQDVVQK
430 440 450 460 470 480
KLLPPFKPQV TSEVDTRYFD DEFTAQSITI TPPDRYDSLG SLELDQRTHF PQFSYSASIR
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