P11103
SS
Gene name |
Parp1 (Adprp, Adprt, Adprt1) |
Protein name |
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 |
Names |
PARP-1 , EC 2.4.2.30 , ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1 , ARTD1 , DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1 , EC 2.4.2.- , NAD, + ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 , ADPRT 1 , Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 , msPARP , Protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1 , EC 2.4.2.- [Cleaved into: Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed C-terminus , Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, 89-kDa form; Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed N-terminus , Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, 24-kDa form] |
Species |
Mus musculus (Mouse) |
KEGG Pathway |
|
EC number |
2.4.2.30: Pentosyltransferases |
Protein Class |
|
Descriptions
PARP2, also known as ARTD2, is an enzyme that becomes activated by DNA damage, specifically by 5′-phosphorylated DNA ends. It catalyzes poly-ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification involved in DNA repair processes. PARP2 plays a crucial role in DNA damage detection and repair, with its activity being essential for maintaining genomic stability and proper cellular function in response to genotoxic stress. In its inactive state, PARP2’s regulatory domain (RD) covers the active site, preventing substrate NAD+ binding. DNA damage recognition leads to RD unfolding and reorganization, enabling the enzyme to access and modify target macromolecules for ADP-ribosylation. The activation of PARP2 by DNA damage induces significant conformational changes in the enzyme, which relieve its autoinhibited state. This allows PARP2 to bind NAD+ and histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1), altering its residue specificity during DNA repair.
Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)
Target domain |
787-1013 (ART domain) |
Relief mechanism |
Ligand binding, Others |
Assay |
|
Accessory elements
No accessory elements
Autoinhibited structure
Activated structure
0 structures for P11103
| Entry ID | Method | Resolution | Chain | Position | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No available structures | |||||
No variants for P11103
| Variant ID(s) | Position | Change | Description | Diseaes Association | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No variants for P11103 | |||||
No associated diseases with P11103
Functions
| Description | ||
|---|---|---|
| EC Number | 2.4.2.30 | Pentosyltransferases |
| Subcellular Localization |
|
|
| PANTHER Family | ||
| PANTHER Subfamily | ||
| PANTHER Protein Class | ||
| PANTHER Pathway Category | No pathway information available | |
11 GO annotations of cellular component
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromatin | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. |
| cytoplasm | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| cytosol | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| mitochondrion | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| nuclear replication fork | The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes. |
| nucleolus | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. |
| nucleoplasm | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| nucleus | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| protein-containing complex | A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. |
| site of DNA damage | A region of a chromosome at which DNA damage has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. |
| site of double-strand break | A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. |
21 GO annotations of molecular function
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromatin binding | Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| damaged DNA binding | Binding to damaged DNA. |
| enzyme binding | Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. |
| histone deacetylase binding | Binding to histone deacetylase. |
| NAD binding | Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH. |
| NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| NAD+- protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-35 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue). |
| NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| NAD+-protein-histidine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| NAD+-protein-tyrosine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| nuclear estrogen receptor binding | Binding to a nuclear estrogen receptor. |
| nucleosome binding | Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures. |
| nucleotidyltransferase activity | Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant. |
| protein homodimerization activity | Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| R-SMAD binding | Binding to a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein. |
| transcription regulator activator activity | A molecular function regulator that increases the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification. |
| ubiquitin protein ligase binding | Binding to a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. |
| zinc ion binding | Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). |
48 GO annotations of biological process
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| apoptotic process | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose | The process of generating ATP in the nucleus from poly-ADP-D-ribose. Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming. |
| base-excision repair | In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. |
| behavioral response to cocaine | Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus. |
| carbohydrate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. |
| cellular response to amyloid-beta | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus. |
| cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus | A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus. |
| cellular response to oxidative stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| cellular response to superoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. |
| decidualization | The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta. |
| DNA ADP-ribosylation | The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA. |
| DNA damage response | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| DNA metabolic process | Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. |
| DNA repair | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. |
| double-strand break repair | The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. |
| innate immune response | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| mitochondrial DNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. |
| mitochondrial DNA repair | The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage. |
| mitochondrion organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. |
| negative regulation of adipose tissue development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| negative regulation of innate immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-17 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines. |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. |
| positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. |
| positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive. |
| positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation. |
| positive regulation of necroptotic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| positive regulation of single strand break repair | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair. |
| positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| protein auto-ADP-ribosylation | The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. |
| protein autoprocessing | Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein. |
| protein modification process | The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep. |
| regulation of growth rate | Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism. |
| regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| regulation of protein localization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| regulation of single strand break repair | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair. |
| replication fork reversal | Replication fork processing that involves the unwinding of blocked forks to form four-stranded structures resembling Holliday junctions, which are subsequently resolved. |
| signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. |
| telomere maintenance | Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. |
| transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| voluntary musculoskeletal movement | The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will. |
14 homologous proteins in AiPD
| UniProt AC | Gene Name | Protein Name | Species | Evidence Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P18493 | PARP1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | SS |
| P26446 | PARP1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Gallus gallus (Chicken) | SS |
| P35875 | Parp | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase | Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) | SS |
| Q9UGN5 | PARP2 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 | Homo sapiens (Human) | EV |
| Q9Y6F1 | PARP3 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 | Homo sapiens (Human) | PR |
| P09874 | PARP1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| O50017 | PARP2 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 | Zea mays (Maize) | SS |
| O88554 | Parp2 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
| P27008 | Parp1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | SS |
| Q0JMY1 | PARP2-B | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2-B | Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) | SS |
| Q5Z8Q9 | PARP2-A | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2-A | Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) | SS |
| Q11207 | PARP2 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | SS |
| Q9ZP54 | PARP1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | SS |
| Q5RHR0 | parp1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio) | SS |
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| MAEASERLYR | VQYAKSGRAS | CKKCSESIPK | DSLRMAIMVQ | SPMFDGKVPH | WYHFSCFWKV |
| 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
| GQSIRHPDVE | VDGFSELRWD | DQQKVKKTAE | AGGVAGKGQD | GSGGKAEKTL | GDFAAEYAKS |
| 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 |
| NRSMCKGCLE | KIEKGQMRLS | KKMVDPEKPQ | LGMIDRWYHP | TCFVKKRDEL | GFRPEYSASQ |
| 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 |
| LKGFSLLSAE | DKEALKKQLP | AIKNEGKRKG | DEVDGTDEVA | KKKSRKETDK | YSKLEKALKA |
| 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 |
| QNELIWNIKD | ELKKACSTND | LKELLIFNQQ | QVPSGESAIL | DRVADGMAFG | ALLPCKECSG |
| 310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 |
| QLVFKSDAYY | CTGDVTAWTK | CMVKTQNPSR | KEWVTPKEFR | EISYLKKLKV | KKQDRIFPPE |
| 370 | 380 | 390 | 400 | 410 | 420 |
| SSAPITVHWP | LSVTSAPTAV | NSSAPADKPL | SNMKILTLGK | LSQNKDEAKA | VIEKLGGKLT |
| 430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 |
| GSANKASLCI | SIKKEVEKMN | KKMEEVKEAN | IRVVSEDFLQ | DVSASTKSLQ | DLLSAHSLSP |
| 490 | 500 | 510 | 520 | 530 | 540 |
| WGAEVKAEPG | EVVAPRGKSA | APSKKSKGCF | KEEGVNKSEK | RMKLTLKGGA | AVDPDSGLEH |
| 550 | 560 | 570 | 580 | 590 | 600 |
| SAHVLEKGGK | VFSATLGLVD | IVKGTNSYYK | LQLLEDDKES | RYWIFRSWGR | LGTVIGSNKL |
| 610 | 620 | 630 | 640 | 650 | 660 |
| EQMPSKEEAV | EQFMKLYEEK | TGNAWHSKNF | TKYPKKFYPL | EIDYGQDEEA | VKKLTVKPGT |
| 670 | 680 | 690 | 700 | 710 | 720 |
| KSKLPKPVQE | LVGMIFDVDS | MKKALVEYEI | DLQKMPLGKL | SRRQIQAAYS | ILSEVQQPVS |
| 730 | 740 | 750 | 760 | 770 | 780 |
| QGSSESQILD | LSNRFYTLIP | HDFGMKKPPL | LNNADSVQAK | VEMLDNLLDI | EVAYSLLRGG |
| 790 | 800 | 810 | 820 | 830 | 840 |
| SDDSSKDPID | VNYEKLKTDI | KVVDRDSEEA | EVIRKYVKNT | HATTHNAYDL | EVIDIFKIER |
| 850 | 860 | 870 | 880 | 890 | 900 |
| EGESQRYKPF | RQLHNRRLLW | HGSRTTNFAG | ILSQGLRIAP | PEAPVTGYMF | GKGIYFADMV |
| 910 | 920 | 930 | 940 | 950 | 960 |
| SKSANYCHTS | QGDPIGLIML | GEVALGNMYE | LKHASHISKL | PKGKHSVKGL | GKTTPDPSAS |
| 970 | 980 | 990 | 1000 | 1010 | |
| ITLEGVEVPL | GTGIPSGVND | TALLYNEYIV | YDIAQVNLKY | LLKLKFNFKT | SLW |