AiPD: Autoinhibited Protein Database

P04899

Gene name	GNAI2 (GNAI2B)
Protein name	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G
Names	i subunit alpha-2 , Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G alpha protein
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
KEGG Pathway	hsa:2771
EC number
Protein Class

Descriptions

Gαi1 is a G-protein alpha subunit that plays a crucial role in signal transduction pathway initiated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. G proteins function as transducers downstream of GPCRs in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active (GTP-bound state) and an inactive (GDP-bound state). Activated GPCR induces conformational change in Gαi1, which allows for GDP-to-GTP exchange by binding to the GPCR-binding site within a Ras-like domain, leading to dissociation of the Gαi1 subunit and initiation of downstream signaling.

Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)

62-178 (α-H domain) SS

Target domain	185-349 (Ras-like domain)
Relief mechanism	Ligand binding, Partner binding
Assay

AID

62-178 (α-H domain)

Target domain

185-349 (Ras-like domain)

Relief mechanism

Ligand binding (GTP binding), Partner binding(Binding of activated GPCR)

Assay

Accessory elements

No accessory elements

References

Goricanec D et al. (2016) "Conformational dynamics of a G-protein α subunit is tightly regulated by nucleotide binding", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113, E3629-38

Coleman DE et al. (1999) "Structure of Gialpha1.GppNHp, autoinhibition in a galpha protein-substrate complex", The Journal of biological chemistry, 274, 16669-72

Lutz S et al. (2007) "Structure of Galphaq-p63RhoGEF-RhoA complex reveals a pathway for the activation of RhoA by GPCRs", Science (New York, N.Y.), 318, 1923-7

Autoinhibited structure

Activated structure

16 structures for P04899

Entry ID	Method	Resolution	Chain	Position	Source
6D9H	EM	360 A	A	1-355	PDB
7F8V	EM	330 A	A	1-355	PDB
7LD3	EM	320 A	A	1-355	PDB
7LD4	EM	330 A	A	1-355	PDB
7WV9	EM	336 A	A	1-355	PDB
7WVV	EM	290 A	A	1-355	PDB
7WVW	EM	310 A	A	1-355	PDB
7WVX	EM	280 A	A	1-355	PDB
7WVY	EM	300 A	A	1-355	PDB
7XXI	EM	300 A	B	1-355	PDB
7YJ4	EM	319 A	I	1-355	PDB
7YK6	EM	303 A	I	1-355	PDB
7YK7	EM	275 A	I	1-355	PDB
8THK	EM	260 A	A	1-57	PDB
8THL	EM	310 A	A	1-57	PDB
AF-P04899-F1	Predicted				AlphaFoldDB

236 variants for P04899

Variant ID(s)	Position	Change	Description	Diseaes Association	Provenance
rs112497464 RCV003482158 RCV000998078	101	A>V	Long QT syndrome [ClinVar]	Yes	ClinVar 1000Genomes ESP ExAC TOPMed dbSNP gnomAD
COSM2851112 RCV001580029 RCV000017250 rs137853226 COSM3595541 CA126033 RCV000017251 RCV000017252	179	R>C	Adrenocortical tumor, somatic Ovarian granulosa cell tumor Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. Thecoma, somatic [ClinVar, NCI-TCGA]	Yes	ClinGen NCI-TCGA Cosmic ClinVar Ensembl NCI-TCGA dbSNP
RCV000017256 CA126037 rs137853226	179	R>G	Pituitary dependent hypercortisolism [ClinVar]	Yes	ClinGen ClinVar Ensembl dbSNP
COSM158737 rs137853227 RCV000017254 RCV000017253 COSM4777477 RCV000017255 CA126035	179	R>H	Adrenocortical tumor, somatic Ovarian granulosa cell tumor Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. skin Thecoma, somatic haematopoietic_and_lymphoid_tissue [ClinVar, NCI-TCGA, Cosmic]	Yes	ClinGen NCI-TCGA Cosmic cosmic curated ClinVar NCI-TCGA TOPMed dbSNP gnomAD
rs137853228 RCV000017257 CA126039	200	F>L	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. Ventricular tachycardia, somatic [NCI-TCGA, ClinVar]	Yes	ClinGen ClinVar Ensembl NCI-TCGA dbSNP
rs782028165	4	T>P		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1032999153	5	V>G		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs143760938	5	V>L		No	1000Genomes ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553700364	9	D>E		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs782092831	14	E>K		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1553700375	15	R>L		No	gnomAD
rs782736244	16	S>C		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs781878883	18	M>K		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs781878883	18	M>T		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553700385	21	K>Q		No	gnomAD
rs1455823207	21	K>R		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs587618141	25	E>D		No	1000Genomes ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1700169960	25	E>V		No	gnomAD
rs1479813405	26	D>E		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553700389	26	D>G		No	gnomAD
COSM4909715	27	G>V	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs2109180133	28	E>G		No	Ensembl
rs1553700394	29	K>R		No	gnomAD
rs781887853	30	A>T		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs2109180157	32	R>G		No	Ensembl
rs1575438041	34	V>G		No	Ensembl
COSM446748	37	L>M	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs782454435	39	L>*		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1167150454	42	G>R		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs17851218	42	G>V		No	Ensembl
TCGA novel	48	T>I	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs1553702541	49	I>F		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553702541	49	I>V		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1191422423	50	V>I		No	TOPMed
TCGA novel	51	K>E	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs1379287445	58	E>K		No	TOPMed
rs894855349	63	E>K		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs781986131	67	R>Q	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
rs782461705	67	R>W		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1575452033	69	Y>S		No	Ensembl
rs782573516 COSM3714649	70	R>Q	upper_aerodigestive_tract [Cosmic]	No	cosmic curated ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553702624	70	R>W		No	gnomAD
rs138213627	71	A>E		No	ESP ExAC gnomAD
rs1254780993	71	A>S		No	TOPMed gnomAD
COSM4118724 rs138213627 COSM4118725	71	A>V	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic ESP ExAC NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs1482595076	73	V>I		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1235524958	75	S>N		No	TOPMed
rs782413773	81	I>V		No	ExAC gnomAD
COSM4393399 COSM4393400	82	M>I	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs782584118	82	M>R		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1353405251	82	M>V		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1307372138	84	I>T		No	TOPMed
rs1553702637	85	V>G		No	gnomAD
rs782177777	85	V>I		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1242505599	88	M>T		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs782355546	89	G>D		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs782355546	89	G>V		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs781943267	93	I>L		No	ExAC gnomAD
COSM1046441 rs183955200	94	D>N	endometrium [Cosmic]	No	cosmic curated 1000Genomes ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs183955200	94	D>Y		No	1000Genomes ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1700585480	96	A>S		No	Ensembl
rs1575452160	97	D>A		No	Ensembl
COSM5179096 COSM1424134 rs782148570	97	D>N	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. large_intestine [NCI-TCGA, Cosmic]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic cosmic curated ExAC NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
COSM1485328 COSM5219999	98	P>S	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs1553702652	100	R>G		No	gnomAD
rs149596343	101	A>T		No	ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs781957608	104	A>T		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs587760919	105	R>K		No	1000Genomes ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1700603546	106	Q>L		No	Ensembl
rs1700603706	108	F>S		No	gnomAD
rs1356516303	113	T>A		No	Ensembl
rs1356516303	113	T>P		No	Ensembl
rs368004918 COSM74770	114	A>T	ovary Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. prostate [Cosmic, NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic cosmic curated ESP ExAC NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
rs1347229421	115	E>K		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1575452927	116	E>A		No	Ensembl
rs1700604552	117	Q>H		No	Ensembl
rs782771987	117	Q>K		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs371969824	118	G>D		No	ESP TOPMed
rs150943193	119	V>L		No	ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
COSM4325261 rs150943193 COSM2851109	119	V>M	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic ESP ExAC NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
rs587693557	120	L>F		No	1000Genomes ExAC gnomAD
rs1700605105	121	P>L		No	Ensembl
rs782675157	125	S>F		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs782437262	126	G>C		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs782437262	126	G>S		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs140764270	126	G>V		No	ESP TOPMed gnomAD
rs200441316	127	V>I		No	1000Genomes ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs782279425	129	R>Q	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	ExAC NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
rs180852414	129	R>W		No	1000Genomes ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553702777	133	A>G		No	gnomAD
rs1553702774	133	A>T		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553702777	133	A>V		No	gnomAD
rs1233345395	135	H>N		No	Ensembl
rs782095749	135	H>Q		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs770199226	135	H>R		No	Ensembl
rs781998943	136	G>D		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1700606927	137	V>L		No	TOPMed
COSM1046443	138	Q>*	Variant assessed as Somatic; HIGH impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs782110519	139	A>D		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1700607076	139	A>T		No	TOPMed
rs1700607321	141	F>C		No	TOPMed gnomAD
TCGA novel	142	G>W	Variant assessed as Somatic; HIGH impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs782805532	143	R>C	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	ExAC NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
rs868958535 COSM3595536 COSM252524	143	R>H	kidney ovary Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [Cosmic, NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic cosmic curated Ensembl NCI-TCGA
rs1289672060	145	R>M		No	TOPMed
rs2109212438	146	E>*		No	Ensembl
COSM217277 rs1700608213	155	Y>H	liver [Cosmic]	No	cosmic curated Ensembl
rs1700697762	156	Y>N		No	Ensembl
rs1575456229	157	L>P		No	Ensembl
rs1575456229	157	L>Q		No	Ensembl
rs199645073	158	N>K		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs781807470	159	D>H		No	ExAC gnomAD
COSM4820641 rs781807470 COSM4820642	159	D>N	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic ExAC NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs1575456266	160	L>P		No	Ensembl
rs1575456266	160	L>Q		No	Ensembl
rs1279972413	161	E>A		No	gnomAD
rs1279972413	161	E>G		No	gnomAD
rs1700699106	161	E>K		No	gnomAD
rs1553703151	162	R>C	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs782616803	163	I>V		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1553703152	164	A>T		No	gnomAD
rs1700699721	165	Q>H		No	Ensembl
rs781821436	166	S>N		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs782514765	166	S>R		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs782618510	169	I>L		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1700700212	169	I>T		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs782618510	169	I>V		No	ExAC gnomAD
COSM1046445	171	T>A	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs1270468066	172	Q>E		No	gnomAD
rs1229367007	173	Q>H		No	Ensembl
rs782599019 COSM3660625 COSM1617793	177	R>Q	liver Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [Cosmic, NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic cosmic curated ExAC NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs782396665	177	R>W		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs782366732	180	V>I		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
COSM3357721 COSM3357722	182	T>I	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
COSM239983	186	V>M	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs1700701776	188	T>K		No	gnomAD
rs951992375	191	T>P		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs797039274	196	H>Q		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs984808431	198	K>R		No	Ensembl
rs1553703234	202	V>M		No	gnomAD
rs1553703235	203	G>D	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs868983712	205	Q>R		No	Ensembl
rs1553703242	206	R>Q		No	gnomAD
COSM3427718 COSM3427719	210	K>N	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs2109219967	215	C>F		No	Ensembl
rs1553703248	218	G>C		No	gnomAD
rs782631757 COSM4118726 COSM4118727	219	V>I	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic ExAC NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs1350695889	223	I>L		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1350695889	223	I>V		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1700713660	226	V>A		No	TOPMed
rs376430681	226	V>I		No	1000Genomes ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
TCGA novel	226	V>L	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs1553703273	227	A>S		No	gnomAD
rs1178796382	228	L>F		No	TOPMed
COSM480248	232	D>Y	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs1180429014	234	V>M		No	TOPMed gnomAD
TCGA novel	237	E>D	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs760792214	239	E>K		No	ExAC gnomAD
COSM3993171 COSM3993170	240	E>A	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
COSM1046448	242	N>H	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic
rs12721535	243	R>C		No	TOPMed gnomAD
TCGA novel	244	M>L	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs782454651	248	M>I		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
TCGA novel	257	N>missing	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs1700717821	263	T>R		No	TOPMed
rs1184256751	265	I>V		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553703326	270	N>S		No	gnomAD
rs2109220512	271	K>R		No	Ensembl
TCGA novel	272	K>missing	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
TCGA novel	273	D>N	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs781895740	277	E>D		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1464427483	277	E>K		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553703329	280	T>A		No	gnomAD
rs1553703333	281	H>L		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1575457343	281	H>Q		No	Ensembl
rs1553703333	281	H>R		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553703334	282	S>N		No	gnomAD
rs782530894	283	P>H		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1575457358	283	P>S		No	Ensembl
TCGA novel	287	C>Y	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs782598191	288	F>L		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1553703340	289	P>L		No	gnomAD
rs782266413	290	E>G		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1700719658	290	E>K		No	Ensembl
rs782419644	294	A>D		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553703420	294	A>S		No	gnomAD
rs782419644	294	A>V		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs587647183	295	N>K		No	1000Genomes ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs953606864	295	N>S		No	gnomAD
rs781997515	296	K>R		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1700730943	298	D>H		No	Ensembl
rs1553703427	298	D>V		No	gnomAD
rs1326240157	299	E>D		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553703429	303	Y>H		No	gnomAD
rs1228115057	306	S>N		No	TOPMed gnomAD
rs1264193601	306	S>R		No	TOPMed
rs1553703434	309	E>*		No	gnomAD
rs1553703434	309	E>K		No	gnomAD
rs1327376805	311	L>M		No	gnomAD
rs1443034047	312	N>D		No	gnomAD
rs1340003741	312	N>I		No	gnomAD
rs1443034047	312	N>Y		No	gnomAD
rs1553703445	313	K>E		No	gnomAD
rs1553703445	313	K>Q		No	gnomAD
rs1553703449	313	K>T		No	Ensembl
rs782010728	314	R>G		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs782056335	314	R>H		No	ExAC TOPMed
rs782056335	314	R>L		No	ExAC TOPMed
rs782010728	314	R>S		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1553703459	315	K>T		No	gnomAD
rs1575458074	316	D>A		No	Ensembl
rs2109221855	316	D>E		No	Ensembl
TCGA novel	316	D>Y	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs372568318	317	T>S		No	ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs2109221883	318	K>E		No	Ensembl
rs1158178150	318	K>N		No	gnomAD
rs1406706731	318	K>T		No	gnomAD
rs1553703476	319	E>D		No	gnomAD
rs781962379	322	T>M		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs781962379	322	T>R		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1700734570	323	H>D		No	TOPMed
rs782786744 COSM1046450	327	A>T	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. endometrium [NCI-TCGA, Cosmic]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic cosmic curated ExAC NCI-TCGA gnomAD
TCGA novel	328	T>S	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA
rs1553703484	329	D>N	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA gnomAD
rs782434967	330	T>S		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs782260219	332	N>K		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs139567497 TCGA novel	333	V>L	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD NCI-TCGA
rs139567497	333	V>M		No	ESP ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs1553703488	336	V>M		No	gnomAD
rs1463068079	339	A>T		No	TOPMed gnomAD
COSM4754968 rs781914264 COSM4754967	340	V>I	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic ExAC NCI-TCGA TOPMed gnomAD
rs782222906	341	T>S		No	ExAC TOPMed gnomAD
rs782009589	342	D>Y		No	ExAC gnomAD
rs1553703500	345	I>T		No	gnomAD
rs782819582	347	N>S		No	ExAC gnomAD
COSM1424138 COSM5129697	352	C>Y	Variant assessed as Somatic; MODERATE impact. [NCI-TCGA]	No	NCI-TCGA Cosmic

No associated diseases with P04899

6 regional properties for P04899

Type	Name	Position	InterPro Accession
conserved_site	ATP-dependent RNA helicase DEAD-box, conserved site	169 - 177	IPR000629
domain	Helicase, C-terminal	253 - 402	IPR001650
domain	DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain	33 - 212	IPR011545
domain	Helicase superfamily 1/2, ATP-binding domain	28 - 245	IPR014001
domain	RNA helicase, DEAD-box type, Q motif	9 - 37	IPR014014
domain	Domain of unknown function DUF4217	402 - 465	IPR025313

Functions

		Description
EC Number
Subcellular Localization	Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cell membrane Membrane ; Lipid-anchor	Localizes in the centrosomes of interphase and mitotic cells Detected at the cleavage furrow and/or the midbody
PANTHER Family
PANTHER Subfamily
PANTHER Protein Class
PANTHER Pathway Category	No pathway information available

14 GO annotations of cellular component

Name	Definition
cell body	The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
centrosome	A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
cytoplasm	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
cytosol	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
dendrite	A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
extracellular exosome	A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
extracellular vesicle	Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.
heterotrimeric G-protein complex	Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to an effector protein.
membrane	A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.
midbody	A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
neuronal dense core vesicle	A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.
nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
synapse	The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

5 GO annotations of molecular function

Name	Definition
G protein-coupled receptor binding	Binding to a G protein-coupled receptor.
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.
GTP binding	Binding to GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
GTPase activity	Catalysis of the reaction
metal ion binding	Binding to a metal ion.

25 GO annotations of biological process

Name	Definition
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
cell cycle	The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
cell division	The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
cell population proliferation	The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to its receptor on the surface of a target cell.
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.
negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
negative regulation of synaptic transmission	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
positive regulation of cell migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
positive regulation of urine volume	Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
regulation of calcium ion transport	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
response to nutrient	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
signal transduction	The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

62 homologous proteins in AiPD

UniProt AC	Gene Name	Protein Name	Species	Evidence Code
P63097	GNAI1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Bos taurus (Bovine)	SS
P0C7Q4	GNAT3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Bos taurus (Bovine)	SS
P04696	GNAT2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Bos taurus (Bovine)	SS
P04695	GNAT1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Bos taurus (Bovine)	SS
P08239	GNAO1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Bos taurus (Bovine)	SS
P50146	GNAI1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Gallus gallus (Chicken)	SS
P50147	GNAI2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Gallus gallus (Chicken)	SS
P38400	GNAI2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2	Canis lupus familiaris (Dog) (Canis familiaris)	PR
P16378	Galphao	G protein alpha o subunit	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	SS
P25157	cta	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha homolog	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	SS
P20353	Galphai	G protein alpha i subunit	Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)	SS
Q14344	GNA13	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
Q03113	GNA12	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P29992	GNA11	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P30679	GNA15	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
O95837	GNA14	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P50148	GNAQ	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P38405	GNAL	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
A8MTJ3	GNAT3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P19087	GNAT2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P11488	GNAT1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P08754	GNAI3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P19086	GNAZ	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
P63096	GNAI1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	EV
P09471	GNAO1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (Human)	SS
Q9DC51	Gnai3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P27600	Gna12	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P20612	Gnat1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P27601	Gna13	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
Q3V3I2	Gnat3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
O70443	Gnaz	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P50149	Gnat2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
B2RSH2	Gnai1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P18872	Gnao1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P08752	Gnai2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Mus musculus (Mouse)	SS
P93564	GPA1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit	Solanum tuberosum (Potato)	SS
Q63210	Gna12	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
P19627	Gnaz	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
P29348	Gnat3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
P59215	Gnao1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
P08753	Gnai3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
Q6Q7Y5	Gna13	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
P04897	Gnai2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	SS
Q0DJ33	GPA1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit	Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice)	SS
O76584	gpa-11	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-11 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
P51875	goa-1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q18434	odr-3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-17 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q9BIG4	gpa-10	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-10 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	PR
P28052	gpa-3	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-3 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q9XTB2	gpa-13	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-13 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q93743	gpa-6	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-6 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q20907	gpa-8	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-8 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	PR
P91907	gpa-15	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-15 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q21917	gpa-7	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-7 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q9BIG5	gpa-4	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-4 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
P28051	gpa-1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
Q9N2V6	gpa-16	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-16 subunit	Caenorhabditis elegans	SS
P93163	GPA2	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-2 subunit	Glycine max (Soybean) (Glycine hispida)	SS
P49084	GPA1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit	Glycine max (Soybean) (Glycine hispida)	SS
O80462	XLG1	Extra-large guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)	PR
P18064	GPA1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit	Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)	SS
P26981	GPA1	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit	Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (Lycopersicon esculentum)	SS

10	20	30	40	50	60
MGCTVSAEDK	AAAERSKMID	KNLREDGEKA	AREVKLLLLG	AGESGKSTIV	KQMKIIHEDG
70	80	90	100	110	120
YSEEECRQYR	AVVYSNTIQS	IMAIVKAMGN	LQIDFADPSR	ADDARQLFAL	SCTAEEQGVL
130	140	150	160	170	180
PDDLSGVIRR	LWADHGVQAC	FGRSREYQLN	DSAAYYLNDL	ERIAQSDYIP	TQQDVLRTRV
190	200	210	220	230	240
KTTGIVETHF	TFKDLHFKMF	DVGGQRSERK	KWIHCFEGVT	AIIFCVALSA	YDLVLAEDEE
250	260	270	280	290	300
MNRMHESMKL	FDSICNNKWF	TDTSIILFLN	KKDLFEEKIT	HSPLTICFPE	YTGANKYDEA
310	320	330	340	350
ASYIQSKFED	LNKRKDTKEI	YTHFTCATDT	KNVQFVFDAV	TDVIIKNNLK	DCGLF