Descriptions

TRIO is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates the small GTPase RhoA, influencing cell motility and gene transcription. It plays a crucial role in tumor growth in uveal melanoma. The GEF activity of TRIO’s C-terminal module (TrioC) is autoinhibited. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain interacts with the Dbl homology (DH) domain, blocking the Rho GTPase binding site and preventing activation. Similar to ARHGEF25, Binding of Gαq also relieves the autoinhibition of TRIO. Furthermore, mutations in the DH-PH interface found in cancer patients can disrupt this autoinhibited state, leading to increased RhoA activation and mitogenic signaling, potentially driving cancer progression.

Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)

Target domain

1895-2086 (DH domain)

Relief mechanism

Partner binding

Assay

Accessory elements

No accessory elements

Autoinhibited structure

Activated structure

0 structures for A2CG49

Entry ID Method Resolution Chain Position Source
No available structures

137 variants for A2CG49

Variant ID(s) Position Change Description Diseaes Association Provenance
rs224530323 2 V>I No EVA
rs3389430951 15 S>P No EVA
rs3389430921 25 V>M No EVA
rs3389413703 27 F>V No EVA
rs3389383180 28 V>L No EVA
rs3389394638 89 L>H No EVA
rs3389406409 141 L>P No EVA
rs1134065777 197 E>G No EVA
rs3389374381 218 K>R No EVA
rs3389419961 253 S>G No EVA
rs3389362459 314 L>* No EVA
rs3405944076 413 V>E No EVA
rs3406778593 413 V>E No EVA
rs3389411520 452 E>* No EVA
rs3406751946 453 V>D No EVA
rs3406822236 454 S>I No EVA
rs3406991733 454 S>I No EVA
rs3406764247 455 Q>* No EVA
rs3406778628 456 D>E No EVA
rs3406242087 456 D>Y No EVA
rs3406822238 463 V>D No EVA
rs3389406763 481 N>K No EVA
rs3389411151 482 Y>D No EVA
rs220283686 502 R>Q No EVA
rs3389423688 511 K>M No EVA
rs3389383148 526 D>V No EVA
rs3389430929 530 V>M No EVA
rs3389411528 560 K>T No EVA
rs3389430914 564 D>V No EVA
rs3389394649 569 A>T No EVA
rs3389404613 570 Q>E No EVA
rs3389374376 621 L>P No EVA
rs3389404652 632 T>A No EVA
rs3407148322 697 L>P No EVA
rs3389374349 766 E>* No EVA
rs3389383101 871 C>Y No EVA
rs3389329041 882 K>I No EVA
rs3389406474 1047 E>* No EVA
rs3389394675 1055 R>M No EVA
rs3389406425 1058 V>A No EVA
rs3389411128 1070 P>T No EVA
rs3389419977 1071 E>* No EVA
rs3389413769 1118 W>* No EVA
rs3389394631 1137 T>R No EVA
rs258158272 1142 E>G No EVA
rs3389329039 1145 K>* No EVA
rs3389329113 1214 N>K No EVA
rs3389420008 1215 T>K No EVA
rs3406908155 1271 R>W No EVA
rs3389394673 1300 H>L No EVA
rs3389406403 1311 D>E No EVA
rs3389394682 1339 A>E No EVA
rs3389383102 1341 K>* No EVA
rs3389411463 1418 V>M No EVA
rs3389406419 1452 D>E No EVA
rs3389413722 1468 E>K No EVA
rs3389411060 1483 E>V No EVA
rs3389394687 1506 V>A No EVA
rs3389374303 1521 S>A No EVA
rs3389383126 1548 I>V No EVA
rs3389412393 1549 R>L No EVA
rs3389374316 1555 R>G No EVA
rs3389329035 1578 N>Y No EVA
rs3389416551 1580 S>I No EVA
rs3389383143 1658 W>L No EVA
rs3389411529 1659 C>Y No EVA
rs3389412340 1685 R>C No EVA
rs230315149 1783 T>M No EVA
rs3389423714 1811 L>F No EVA
rs3389394659 1869 L>M No EVA
rs3389411502 1888 N>K No EVA
rs3389411134 1893 Q>H No EVA
rs3389383172 1897 A>* No EVA
rs3389412378 1897 A>E No EVA
rs3389411448 1901 R>K No EVA
rs232231899 1921 I>V No EVA
rs3389362443 1945 I>F No EVA
rs3389362457 1950 I>N No EVA
rs3389406404 1958 K>T No EVA
rs3389411533 1997 P>S No EVA
rs3389380625 2029 K>M No EVA
rs212215109 2052 G>D No EVA
rs3389362407 2062 V>SDG* No EVA
rs3389428912 2065 M>I No EVA
rs3389423701 2111 S>T No EVA
rs248595958 2155 D>E No EVA
rs3389394676 2155 D>Y No EVA
rs3389411500 2173 E>* No EVA
rs3389362433 2196 L>P No EVA
rs3389411130 2202 F>I No EVA
rs3389380660 2270 G>W No EVA
rs3389419957 2298 T>A No EVA
rs3389428891 2302 D>E No EVA
rs3389428881 2306 L>Q No EVA
rs3389428922 2316 G>D No EVA
rs3389428864 2319 V>E No EVA
rs3413122990 2329 M>I No EVA
rs3389411508 2332 V>A No EVA
rs3389428875 2346 W>R No EVA
rs3552271816 2361 A>T No EVA
rs3406820479 2365 S>R No EVA
rs45892376 2368 S>N No EVA
rs3389380594 2380 M>* No EVA
rs3389380664 2382 K>R No EVA
rs3389329084 2386 V>SDG* No EVA
rs3389394624 2388 N>K No EVA
rs3389406433 2389 S>L No EVA
rs3389394633 2389 S>P No EVA
rs3389411113 2402 D>* No EVA
rs3389428896 2402 D>G* No EVA
rs3389380630 2442 A>S No EVA
rs3389406465 2453 T>SDG* No EVA
rs3389420010 2454 C>R No EVA
rs3389412412 2487 D>E No EVA
rs3389416503 2489 S>R No EVA
rs3411549170 2518 Y>N No EVA
rs3389394672 2523 A>S No EVA
rs3389380584 2531 T>I No EVA
rs3389423664 2542 A>S No EVA
rs3389423637 2544 P>R No EVA
rs3389406427 2587 W>* No EVA
rs3389362487 2587 W>R No EVA
rs3389374358 2612 F>L No EVA
rs3389406766 2618 N>Y No EVA
rs248538395 2641 A>T No EVA
rs3389406479 2675 H>D No EVA
rs3389416527 2676 K>I No EVA
rs3389394683 2682 V>G No EVA
rs3405941603 2694 K>T No EVA
rs3389420022 2713 V>A No EVA
rs3389406731 2723 T>A No EVA
rs3389374377 2762 A>D No EVA
rs3389406732 2812 L>M No EVA
rs3389423678 2838 I>M No EVA
rs3406907255 2840 V>D No EVA
rs3389411092 2938 N>S No EVA
rs3389423731 2956 Q>* No EVA

No associated diseases with A2CG49

26 regional properties for A2CG49

Type Name Position InterPro Accession
domain Dbl homology (DH) domain 1254 - 1429 IPR000219-1
domain Dbl homology (DH) domain 1900 - 2075 IPR000219-2
domain Protein kinase domain 2656 - 2910 IPR000719
domain CRAL-TRIO lipid binding domain 17 - 163 IPR001251
domain SH3 domain 1619 - 1684 IPR001452-1
domain SH3 domain 2292 - 2357 IPR001452-2
domain Pleckstrin homology domain 1441 - 1555 IPR001849-1
domain Pleckstrin homology domain 2087 - 2199 IPR001849-2
repeat Spectrin repeat 293 - 396 IPR002017-1
repeat Spectrin repeat 522 - 622 IPR002017-2
repeat Spectrin repeat 873 - 971 IPR002017-3
repeat Spectrin repeat 1105 - 1200 IPR002017-4
domain Immunoglobulin subtype 2 2455 - 2527 IPR003598
domain Immunoglobulin subtype 2449 - 2538 IPR003599
domain Fibronectin type III 2541 - 2637 IPR003961
domain Immunoglobulin-like domain 2443 - 2536 IPR007110
active_site Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site 2771 - 2783 IPR008271
domain Immunoglobulin I-set 2443 - 2537 IPR013098
binding_site Protein kinase, ATP binding site 2662 - 2685 IPR017441
repeat Spectrin/alpha-actinin 172 - 518 IPR018159-1
repeat Spectrin/alpha-actinin 519 - 748 IPR018159-2
repeat Spectrin/alpha-actinin 765 - 1102 IPR018159-3
repeat Spectrin/alpha-actinin 1106 - 1208 IPR018159-4
domain Kalirin/Triple functional domain protein, SH3 domain 1 1622 - 1681 IPR028570
domain Kalirin/Triple functional domain protein, SH3 domain 2 2296 - 2352 IPR047053
domain Kalirin/Triple functional domain protein, pleckstrin homology (PH) domain 1 1434 - 1556 IPR047054

Functions

Description
EC Number 2.7.11.1 Protein-serine/threonine kinases
Subcellular Localization
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
PANTHER Family
PANTHER Subfamily
PANTHER Protein Class
PANTHER Pathway Category No pathway information available

10 GO annotations of cellular component

Name Definition
cytoplasm The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
cytoskeleton A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
cytosol The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
extrinsic component of membrane The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
glutamatergic synapse A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.
neuronal cell body The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
nucleoplasm That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
perinuclear region of cytoplasm Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
postsynaptic density An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
presynapse The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.

6 GO annotations of molecular function

Name Definition
ATP binding Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
enzyme binding Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity.
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.
metal ion binding Binding to a metal ion.
protein serine kinase activity Catalysis of the reactions
protein serine/threonine kinase activity Catalysis of the reactions

21 GO annotations of biological process

Name Definition
adult locomotory behavior Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
axonogenesis De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
habituation A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.
intracellular signal transduction The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
lactation The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
maternal behavior Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.
maternal process involved in parturition A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.
memory The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
negative regulation of growth hormone secretion Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
neuromuscular junction development A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).
NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an NMDA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
regulation of dendrite development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
regulation of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane.
social behavior Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.

12 homologous proteins in AiPD

UniProt AC Gene Name Protein Name Species Evidence Code
Q86YR7 MCF2L2 Probable guanine nucleotide exchange factor MCF2L2 Homo sapiens (Human) SS
O75962 TRIO Triple functional domain protein Homo sapiens (Human) EV
P10911 MCF2 Proto-oncogene DBL Homo sapiens (Human) EV
O15068 MCF2L Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS Homo sapiens (Human) SS
O60229 KALRN Kalirin Homo sapiens (Human) SS
Q0KL02 Trio Triple functional domain protein Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
Q9CWR0 Arhgef25 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25 Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
Q64096 Mcf2l Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS Mus musculus (Mouse) SS
F1M0Z1 Trio Triple functional domain protein Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
Q63406 Mcf2l Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
P97924 Kalrn Kalirin Rattus norvegicus (Rat) SS
Q1LUA6 trio Triple functional domain protein Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio) SS
10 20 30 40 50 60
MVLSGSFRND GLKASDVLPI LKEKVAFVSG GRDKRGGPIL TFPARSNHDR IRQEDLRKLV
70 80 90 100 110 120
TYLASVPSED VCKRGFTVII DMRGSKWDLI KPLLKTLQEA FPAEIHVALI IKPDNFWQKQ
130 140 150 160 170 180
KTNFGSSKFI FETSMVSVEG LTKLVDPSQL TEEFDGSLDY NHEEWIELRL SLEEFFNSAV
190 200 210 220 230 240
HLLSRLEDLQ EMLARKEFPV DVEGSRRLID EHTQLKKKVL KAPVEELDRE GQRLLQCIRC
250 260 270 280 290 300
SDGFSGRNCI PGSADFQSLV PKITSLLDKL HSTRQHLHQM WHVRKLKLDQ CFQLRLFEQD
310 320 330 340 350 360
AEKMFDWISH NKELFLQSHT EIGVSYQHAL DLQTQHNHFA MNSMNAYVNI NRIMSVASRL
370 380 390 400 410 420
SEAGHYASQQ IKQISTQLDQ EWKSFAAALD ERSTILAMSA VFHQKAEQFL SGVDAWCKMC
430 440 450 460 470 480
SEGGLPSEMQ DLELAIHHHQ SLYEQVTQAY TEVSQDGKAL LDVLQRPLSP GNSESLTATA
490 500 510 520 530 540
NYSKAVHQVL DVVHEVLHHQ RRLESIWQHR KVRLHQRLQL CVFQQDVQQV LDWIENHGEA
550 560 570 580 590 600
FLSKHTGVGK SLHRARALQK RHDDFEEVAQ NTYTNADKLL EAAEQLAQTG ECDPEEIYKA
610 620 630 640 650 660
ARHLEVRIQD FVRRVEQRKL LLDMSVSFHT HTKELWTWME DLQKEVLEDV CADSVDAVQE
670 680 690 700 710 720
LIKQFQQQQT ATLDATLNVI KEGEDLIQQL RSAPPSLGEP TEARDSAMSN NKTPHSSSIS
730 740 750 760 770 780
HIESVLQQLD DAQVQMEELF HERKIKLDIF LQLRIFEQYT IEVTAELDAW NEDLLRQMND
790 800 810 820 830 840
FNTEDLTLAE QRLQRHTERK LAMNNMTFEV IQQGQDLHQY IMEVQASGIE LICEKDLDLA
850 860 870 880 890 900
AQVQELLEFL HEKQHELELN AEQTHKRLEQ CLQLRHLQAE VKQVLGWIRN GESMLNASLV
910 920 930 940 950 960
NASSLSEAEQ LQREHEQFQL AIEKTHQSAL QVQQKAEALL QAGHYDADAI RECAEKVALH
970 980 990 1000 1010 1020
WQQLMLKMED RLKLVNASVA FYKTSEQVCS VLESLEQEYR RDEDWCGGRD KLGPAAEMDH
1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080
VIPLLSKHLE QKEAFLKACT LARRNAEVFL KYIHRNNVSM PSVASHTRGP EQQVKAILSE
1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140
LLQRENRVLH FWTLKKRRLD QCQQYVVFER SAKQALDWIQ ETGEYYLSTH TSTGETTEET
1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200
QELLKEYGEF RVPAKQTKEK VKLLIQLADS FVEKGHIHAT EIRKWVTTVD KHYRDFSLRM
1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260
GKYRYSLEKA LGVNTEDNKD LELDIIPASL SDREVKLRDA NHEINEEKRK SARKKEFIMA
1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320
ELLQTEKAYV RDLHECLETY LWEMTSGVEE IPPGILNKEH IIFGNIQEIY DFHNNIFLKE
1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380
LEKYEQLPED VGHCFVTWAD KFQMYVTYCK NKPDSNQLIL EHAGTFFDEI QQRHGLANSI
1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440
SSYLIKPVQR VTKYQLLLKE LLTCCEEGKG ELKDGLEVML SVPKKANDAM HVSMLEGFDE
1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500
NLDVQGELIL QDAFQVWDPK SLIRKGRERH LFLFEISLVF SKEIKDSSGH TKYVYKNKLL
1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560
TSELGVTEHV EGDPCKFALW SGRTPSSDNK TVLKASNIET KQEWIKNIRE VIQERIIHLK
1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620
GALKEPIQLP KTPAKLRNNS KRDGVEDGDS QGDGSSQPDT ISIASRTSQN TVESDKLSGG
1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680
CELTVVLQDF SAGHSSELSI QVGQTVELLE RPSERPGWCL VRTTERSPPQ EGLVPSSALC
1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740
ISHSRSSVEM DCFFPLKDSY SHSSSENGGK SESVAHLQSQ PSLNSIHSSP GPKRSTNTLK
1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800
KWLTSPVRRL NSGKADGNIK KQKKVRDGRK SFDLGSPKPG DETTPQGDSA DEKSKKGWGE
1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860
DEPDEESHTP LPPPMKIFDN DPTQDEMSSL LAARQAPPDV PTAADLVSAI EKLVKNKLTL
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920
EGGSYRGSLK DPTGCLNEGM TPPTPPRNLE EEQKAKALRG RMFVLNELVQ TEKDYVKDLG
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
IVVEGFMKRI EEKGVPEDMR GKEKIVFGNI HQIYDWHKDF FLAELEKCIQ EQDRLAQLFI
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
KHERKLHIYV WYCQNKPRSE YIVAEYDAYF EEVKQEINQR LTLSDFLIKP IQRITKYQLL
2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
LKDFLRYSEK AGLECSDIEK AVELMCLVPK RCNDMMNLGR LQGFEGTLTA QGKLLQQDTF
2110 2120 2130 2140 2150 2160
YVIELDAGMQ SRTKERRVFL FEQIVIFSEL LRKGSLTPGY MFKRSIKMNY LVLEDNVDGD
2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220
PCKFALMNRE TSERVILQAA NSDIQQAWVQ DINQVLETQR DFLNALQSPI EYQRKERSTA
2230 2240 2250 2260 2270 2280
VIRSQPPRVP QASPRPYSSG PVGSEKPPKG SSYNPPLPPL KISTSNGSPG FDYHQPGDKF
2290 2300 2310 2320 2330 2340
DASKQNDLGG CNGTSTMTVI KDYYALKENE ICVSQGEVVQ VLAVNQQNMC LVYQPASDHS
2350 2360 2370 2380 2390 2400
PAAEGWVPGS ILAPLAKATA AAESSDGSIK KSCSWHTLRM RKRADVENSG KNEATGPRKP
2410 2420 2430 2440 2450 2460
KDILGNKVSV KETNSSEESE CDDLDPNTSM EILNPNFIQE VAPEFLVPLV DVTCLLGDTV
2470 2480 2490 2500 2510 2520
LLQCKACGRP KPSITWKGPD QNILDTDNSS ATYTISSCDS GESTLKICNL MPQDSGIYTC
2530 2540 2550 2560 2570 2580
IAANDHGTAS TSATVKVQGV PAAPNRPIAQ ERSCTSVILR WLPPASTGNC TISGYTVEYR
2590 2600 2610 2620 2630 2640
EEGSQVWQQS VASTLDTYLV IEDLSPGCPY QFRVSASNPW GISLPSEPSE FVRLPEYDAA
2650 2660 2670 2680 2690 2700
ADGATISWKE NFDSAYTELN EIGRGRFSIV KKCIHKATRK DVAVKFVSKK MKKKEQAAHE
2710 2720 2730 2740 2750 2760
AALLQHLQHP QYVTLHDTYE SPTSYILILE LMDDGRLLDY LMNHDELMEE KVAFYIRDIM
2770 2780 2790 2800 2810 2820
EALQYLHNCR VAHLDIKPEN LLIDLRIPVP RVKLIDLEDA VQISGHFHIH HLLGNPEFAA
2830 2840 2850 2860 2870 2880
PEVIQGIPVS LGTDIWSIGV LTYVMLSGVS PFLDESKEET CINVCRVDFS FPHEYFCGVS
2890 2900 2910 2920 2930 2940
NAARDFINVI LQEDFRRRPT AATCLQHPWL QPHNGSYSKI PLDTSRLACF IERRKHQNDV
2950 2960
RPIPNVKSYI VNRVNQGTSL SHNP